“Proto-Uralic” *waśke ‘metal, (? copper); decoration’ and Its “Derivatives” in the Permian and Ugrian Languages

The traditional etymology of the PU *waśke ‘metal, (? copper)’ is great importance for reconstruction Proto-Uralic culture and time disintegration Proto-Uralic. Continuing some older works considering results latest research, this considered as fictitious, breaking up into at least three etymological nests: Finnic-Mordv. *vaśa-kive ‘axe-stone’ (etymology T.-R. Viitso, where *vaśa- denotes ‘axe, adze’, a borrowing from Aryan + *kive ‘stone’), Proto-Perm. *veś ‘non-ferrous metal; metal decoration’, Proto-Sam. *wesä decoration’. last two words can be independent borrowings language close to Tocharian (*wəsa ‘gold’ < PIE). It impossible restore Proto-Ugric word associated with these etymologies, since Hung. vas ‘iron’ (s [љ] *č), Khanty *waχ ‘metal; iron’ Mansi *wes in *ǟϑ-wes ‘lead’ cannot phonetically related each other any way. Mari βaћ ‘ore’ also normal reflex but rather semantic development Mar. ‘root’ (< PFU). names silver Permian (Perm *özüś > Udm. azveś, Komi eziś) Hungarian (ezьst) languages have special history, they are no way Finno-Ugric metals loans Alanian *жzvestж (> Osset. жvzīst ‘silver’), which dated second half I millennium BC — first AD. tin / lead *os-veś ~ *ǟϑ-wes) etymologically unrelated either fictitious or Permian-Hungarian name silver, represent common innovation, component Proto-Perm color designation ‘grey metal’ cf. ősz ‘gray-haired’). composite emerged AD, region middle lower Kama west southern Trans-Uralian taiga forests east. Probably, innovation relates Perm West Siberian “animal style” phenomenon. article discusses features conducting discussions modern studies.